tales from the front

from Cheryl T in Singapore:

I once had a 9th grade student who turned in an essay on Greek mythology that was totally plagiarized. When confronted with the computer screen shots of the essay's genesis, he denied it up one side and down the other.

Finally, he broke down, blurting out, "But I didn't even write the essay -- my MOM did!" I spoke that night with the mom, who freely admitted ghost-writing her son's essay. She claimed not to know that cut-and-pasting huge swaths of someone else's writing was wrong. Where to begin?!?

(This happened at a GREAT public high school north of Chicago...)

My favorite cheating story happened at Iowa, where I was teaching the freshman rhetoric course. One of my students plagiarized her entire essay, word for word, from the textbook. She denied having done so and then, when I opened up the textbook and did a side-by-side comparison, said, "I remembered."

Of course, now that I have two autistic kids, it strikes me that she could have remembered....

cut and paste

from a comment left by NYC Educator:

I'm amazed at the number of kids who simply copy things off the net, with the labels still there, and expect me not to notice it was written by some professional hack writer instead of an ESL student.

True!

They all do this! Not just the ESL students, everyone.

Ed was talking to a French journalist this week who told him kids in France do the same thing. They think writing means downloading from the internet. The less sophisticated kids cut and paste things whole; the more sophisticated kids cut and paste individual sentences, piecing them together as they go along.

It's as if the basic unit of composition is no longer words but sentences, and you look up the sentences you need on the internet not in the dictionary.

National Survey of Algebra Teachers

How have we missed this?

Research Question #2: To the degree that the teachers believe students need to be better prepared, what are the major shortcomings?

The teachers were asked to rate the importance of a “solid foundation” in the each the 15 skill/knowledge areas asked about with respect to their target class students’ background preparation. Since the same background skills and knowledge for which the teachers rated student background as inadequate were also rated as important, the following areas emerge as the major shortcomings: rational numbers, word problems, and study habits.

Final Report on the National Survey of Algebra Teachers for the National Math Panel (pdf file)
National Mathematics Advisory Panel

They're not too keen on parents:

Research Question #12: Do they find more parents helpful in encouraging students in their mathematics studies, or do too many parents make excuses for their children’s lack of accomplishment?

Questionnaire item II.1i asked teachers to rate the extent to which they see “too little parent/family support” as a problem in their school. The responses indicate that about 28% of the algebra teachers feel family participation is a serious problem and another 32% believe lack of family participation is a moderate problem (Figure 13).

It's a bit difficult to cess out what this means exactly. The question itself seems off-base; the handful of direct quotations from teachers have nothing to do with parents "encouraging" their kids versus "making excuses" when their kids do badly:

The written-in “verbatim” responses most often mentioned included handling different skill levels in a single classroom, motivation issues, and student study skills. Some notable responses were:

Walking into a class of 30 students in which 1/3 of them don't have the prerequisite skills necessary to be in the class. Many of whom don't know their basic arithmetic facts and know they aren't going to be successful from day one no matter how hard they try.

Students come to me without a basic understanding of math. I am constantly re-teaching concepts that should have been mastered in the earlier grades.

Parents not letting me do my job as I see fit. (Autonomy in the classroom.)

Getting students and parents to believe that education is important. Students don't do their homework...you call the parents...they say that the student will start doing the work (and coming to tutorials). The students still don't do the h.w. -and still don't come to tutorials.

Engaging students who have come to believe that they are stupid because they are struggling with my state's cognitively inappropriate standards.

Report's conclusions:

The Algebra I teachers generally reported that students were not adequately prepared for their courses. The teachers rated as especially problematic students’ preparation in rational numbers, solving word problems, and basic study skills. A lack of student motivation was by far the most commonly-cited biggest challenge reported by the teachers. The problems the teachers identified with the pre-Algebra I mathematics curriculum and instruction and with the lack of parental support for mathematics were likely to be contributing factors to the lack of adequate student preparation and motivation.

[snip]

In light of the generally favorable views the teachers report with respect to curriculum and instruction, the issue of unmotivated students implicitly is something the teachers view as more of an “algebra-student problem” than an “algebra-teacher problem”. The generally-negative views expressed by the teachers of parental support for mathematics reinforce that attribution. Taken together with the generally negative ratings of background preparation, the lack of student motivation suggests that careful attention to pre-algebra curriculum and instruction in the elementary grades is needed, both to remedy the specific skill deficiencies as well as to identify ways in which negative attitudes toward mathematics are developed.

Our schools need a paradigm shift. If you've got an "algebra-student problem" then you also have an "algebra-teacher problem" by definition and you need to take action. Institute supervised homework study halls, formal reteaching of foundational skills, whatever.

Motivation as the Magic Key to All Learning is overrated in any case, I think. How motivated were Siegfried Engelmann's students in Project Follow-through? How motivated are the KIPP kids?

My own 8th grade child is not exactly gripped by a coursing desire to learn algebra. However, he is learning algebra, and he's learning it pretty well. That has to do with the teacher.

And, yes, it has to do with "parental support for mathematics," which in our case means that I do every homework assignment so I can check C's work and have him re-do the problems he missed.

You can't leave algebra up to student motivation.

Mathcounts Help Needed

Okay, my math kid has been working on his practice sheets for the upcoming Mathcounts competition next year. He seems to be doing great with the practice problems, but the warm-ups sometimes seem harder.

I'd love to help, but as many of you know, I am the resident Math Phobe of KTM. With the husband out of town, you are my only hope to helping him with this one particular problem. I have a feeling it is something really obvious.

Here it is:

"The sum of two numbers is 32, and the product of these two numbers is 48. What is the sum of the reciprocals of the two numbers? Express your answer as a common fraction."

I have the answer sheet, but no explanation on the best way to approach this.

Any and all help would be appreciated. Speak slowly, though....although the kid will probably understand what you're saying.

SusanS

2 teachers out of 50

This is exactly what I'm seeing:

Of a staff of more than 50, only one other teacher and I have more than 10 years experience, and I'm the only one with much expertise in instructional issues. There is definitely a generation gap in knowledge and skills, no fault of the newer folks. Most had no preparation at all in curriculum, behavior management, instructional design, teaching skills etc. Lots of philosophy instead. I don't dare contemplate what things will look like in another 10-15 years.

My district is hemorrhaging experienced teachers.

In their place we hire novices. More than half of our new hires have never taught; the rest have fewer than 5 years' experience. The administration's stated intention, with all new hires, is to grant tenure. A great deal of time and energy are devoted to mentoring and supporting new teachers who are struggling.

My district has, in the past, refused even to interview experienced math teachers. One person denied an interview was qualified to teach math and physics. He had glowing recommendations. Another experienced NY teacher was told that if he taught here he would have to take a pay cut to the salary of a 5th year teacher. He has retired from the public schools and is now teaching in a private school.

I wonder whether this qualifies as a form of age discrimination? Someone asked the Board about the average age of new hires; the answer was, "We're not allowed to ask age." Wouldn't a policy of interviewing only novices be a problem in terms of age discrimination?

I suppose not. We do interview and hire career changers.


10-year rule

I should add that we've had some terrific young teachers. It's not the case that a young teacher can't be good. She can. (Mostly, these days, it's "she.")

It is the case that he or she isn't as good today as he or she is going to be.


The Why Chromosome
Practice Makes Perfect (the 10-year rule)

palisadesk on guerilla instructivism

This WAS an interesting article. However, there must be tremendous variability -- ours is considered an excellent plan, but I did the math and if I retired now I would have to live on 46% of my current income (doable if I moved to a trailer park or seniors' home -- but I'm not attracted to the former nor eligible for the latter). Even at max pension is 60% of previous income. The coup de grace is that one has to purchase one's own medical and dental plan, and there are no comparable ones available from any providers at any price. This isn't so much a consideration for actual seniors but it is if you're in your 50's. Correspondents from other large districts in the east and Midwest have similar stories.

Fighting the system is something that does definitely lose its appeal over time. Guerrilla instructivism is energy-draining. Can't agree more about the frustration of being confronted with one obstacle after another every time you want to actually teach or help a kid. However I do still get an iconoclastic rush out of defying authority and successfully teaching basic skills: the pedagogical equivalent to manning the lifeboats. One consolation is that if I get REALLY p.o.'d I only have to give 10 days' notice. I could get a pleasant job in a bookstore or something to stay afloat. Of a staff of more than 50, only one other teacher and I have more than 10 years experience, and I'm the only one with much expertise in instructional issues. There is definitely a generation gap in knowledge and skills, no fault of the newer folks. Most had no preparation at all in curriculum, behavior management, instructional design, teaching skills etc. Lots of philosophy instead. I don't dare contemplate what things will look like in another 10-15 years.

pissed-off teacher on why we are losing experienced teachers

That article hits it on the nose--if I retired today I would be bringing home more money than I am working full time.

I don't work for the money, or for the few extra dollars I will make by staying longer, I am working because I really love what I am doing. Most of us 55 year olds are staying for that same reason. We are leaving, not to get more money but to get away from a system that is abusing us and abusing children. Kids are being forced to learn things they don't understand, and will never understand or need. Classrooms are over crowded. There are no meaningful tutoring programs and the system keeps piling on more and more tests. Older teachers are being harrassed. The schools only want the young ones who are earning a much lower salary and will jump as high as any admin tells them too.

We are just tired of the BS. WE are tired of being fought every time we want to do something to help a kid. We might as well take the money and enjoy our lives.

farewell to the baby boomers

fresh horses

It is a profoundly erroneous truism, repeated by all copy-books and by eminent people making speeches, that we should cultivate the habit of thinking of what we are doing. The precise opposite is the case. Civilization advances by extending the number of operations which we can perform without thinking about them. Operations of thought are like cavalry charges in a battle—they are strictly limited in number, they require fresh horses, and must only be made at decisive moments.

A.N. Whitehead, An introduction to mathematics, 1911 New York: Holt, p. 41

He makes this observation while discussing mathematical symbolism:

One very important property for symbolism to possess is that it should be concise, so as to be visible at one glance of the eye and to be rapidly written.

Two Million Minutes

Two Million Minutes

THE DOCUMENTARY
Regardless of nationality, as soon as a student completes the 8th grade, the clock starts ticking. From that very moment the child has approximately

…Two Million Minutes until high school graduation…

Two Million Minutes to build their intellectual foundation…Two Million Minutes to prepare for college and ultimately career…Two Million Minutes to go from a teenager to an adult.

How a student spends their Two Million Minutes - in class, at home studying, playing sports, working, sleeping, socializing or just goofing off -- will effect their economic prospects for the rest of their lives.

How do most American high school students spend this time? What about students in the rest of the world? How do family, friends and society influence a student's choices for time allocation? What implications do their choices have on their future and on a country's economic future?

school for horses

Working on the horse chapter has been unnerving.

Arguably the number one animal welfare problem where horses are concerned is poor teaching. Horses are in the same predicament as U.S. children; many trainers use ineffective techniques while ignoring the techniques that actually work. Not surprisingly, the techniques that work for horses are the same techniques that work for children. Direct instruction based in learning theory.

For horses, success in school is a matter of life and death, as a horse who can't be ridden will likely be euthanized. One study in France found close to 2/3 of all domestic horses being euthanized for reasons other than ill health. (source: Equine Behaviour by Paul McGreevy A terrific book.) "Reasons other than ill health" means one of two things or both:

• horse can't be ridden
  
• horse has behavior problems
  

These outcomes are, in most cases, training failures although they are blamed on the horse. The parallel to children, who can also fail in two ways (failure to learn; failure to behave) is haunting.

brain melt

My brain is officially fried.

Dogs, cats, horses.....and on to cows:

It is now well established that domestic animals construct responses to their environment that depend on experience and on integration of several features of the environment, including social partners.

source:
Ontogeny of social awareness in domestic herbivores
I. Veissier a,), A. Boissy a, R. Nowak b, P. Orgeur b,
P. Poindron
Applied Animal Behaviour Science 57 1998.233–245

Why I Don't Assign Homework

Liz Ditz left a link to Dy/Dan's blog.

I love this guy!


the homework problem

Here's what I love about Dy/Dan's post on not assigning homework.

First and foremost, not only has he thought out his position, he's researched it for a Master's thesis. The research is icing on the cake; the fact that he is so closely scrutinizing and adapting his "practice"^* in response to his students' achievement is what makes me long to have a kid in his class.

Ed and I have been talking about the homework issue lately, mostly because C's social studies teacher told Ed he has students who never do their homework. We were both surprised to hear this though we shouldn't have been.^** Kids not doing homework is a chronic issue for teachers everywhere.

Here's a Phi Delta Kappan article on the subject:

I tried to figure out why promising students in my own geometry classes persistently failed. Every year students entered my classes not fully prepared for the large body of new concepts, vocabulary, skills, and logical principles that are central to a college-prep geometry course. With rare exceptions, the deficiencies were surmountable, provided that these students accepted the need to study and work on sample problems outside of class. But, despite a claimed orientation toward college, many of them failed geometry, in large part because of "homework resistance" that seemed rooted in early elementary school and shaped by adolescent identity pressures.

Occasional missed geometry assignments weren't a big deal in my classes. After all, an unknowable but surely substantial portion of completed homework involved copying from classmates. An additional portion consisted of "homework simulations" with correct answers to odd-numbered problems (which have answers in the back of the book) embellished with jottings that gave the appearance of work. So, like most of my colleagues, I gave credit for homework but based most of a student's grade on tests, quizzes, and in-class projects. Class time was an intense geometry experience for all but the most tuned-out. But since test questions looked remarkably similar to those covered in homework, students who didn't do the homework had trouble passing tests or participating fully in class.

At year's end, out of 90 geometry students in three sections, 38 had completed less than 60% of the assignments. Of these 38, two quite talented students managed to earn a semester grade of C, another three earned D's, and the remaining 33 all earned F's. In contrast, all but a handful of the students who had completed 80% or more of the assignments passed with grades of C or better.

The puzzle. Why would so many students willingly waste a year sitting through geometry class and earn zero credits toward graduation? All had managed to pass algebra, and many even had good attendance in my class. Most had the requisite mathematical ability and would have passed had they spent 40 to 50 minutes daily outside of class on the homework. Free tutoring and homework help were available at lunch and after school, but no one showed up more than once or twice; most never came at all. What were they thinking? Countless frustrating conversations convinced me that most students in this situation can't tell you the teal reasons for their behavior, because they themselves don't know. They offer a charming variety of excuses, evasions, defensive maneuvers, mea culpas, and doleful expressions, many well practiced from prior confrontations with parents or counselors. Almost all say that to succeed they would need to start doing all their homework. They further insist that they want to be successful. So what's going on that students can't explain to us - or to themselves?

Homework Inoculation and the Limits of Research
Bruce Jackson
Phi Delta Kappan Sep 2007 Vol. 87, Iss. 1 pg. 55

Jackson's idea is that the practice of having kids do largely pointless homework assignments in K-5 in order to build "good homework habits" leads instead to homework refusal when kids reach middle school age and begin to assert themselves. Homework inoculation.

So....the cure for h.s. kids not doing homework is to get rid of homework K-5.

I'm sure that will work.

This is the kind of thing that makes me want to send this fellow a link to Karen Pryor's web site. Pryor makes short shrift of such motive mongering. She doesn't care to learn why a dog is behaving badly; she doesn't want to hear his history:

Karen helped me learn to read Ben's canine signals accurately, unhindered by my own emotion....She was the one, who during one of Ben's fits in class, came over, gently put her hand on my arm and calmly said, "Emma, it is only behavior."

"Only behavior?" I gasped. Could it be so simple? This "behavior" had caused me so much grief in my life, both personally and professionally. It had become a source of tension in my marriage and almost caused me to lose several friendships....I had allowed Ben's aggression to balloon into a problem that took over our lives. I found hope that night in class, with Karen's calm words: "It's only behavior." After all, through positive reinforcement, behavior--any behavior--can be changed.

Click to Calm Healing the Aggressive Dog
by Emma Parsons

Animal behaviorists make a useful distinction between ethology and psychology.

You do need to know ethology (how does this species act & think?)

You don't need to know much about psychology (how does this particular animal act and think, and why?)

When it comes to students not doing their homework, all you really need to know is that procrastination is a core human behavior that is not going to be conquered any time soon and certainly not by high school students. Asking students what they are thinking when they fail to spend 50 minutes a night doing geometry homework is absurd. They're not thinking about geometry one way or the other. That's the point.

This teacher needs to forget about what students are thinking and ask the school to send a behavior analyst to his class to change the incentives. A mere amateur like myself can spot some major de-motivators in his data.

If he can't round up a professional, he should read a book on behavior analysis and figure it out himself. ^***

The "homework situation" appears to be an unholy mess. Setting aside the question of homework quality, I would like to see schools adopt policies of supervised homework like the one in place at La Salle High School. If a student is not getting homework done at home, I would assign him to a supervised homework study hall where he would get it done because a responsible adult would see to it. And I would make this a positive experience, not negative.

If I had my druthers, our schools would drop-kick the many state-mandated character-ed implementations over the stadium wall and replace them with school-wide positive behavior plans devised by the Bob and Lynn Koegels of this world.

Or else just hire a whole lot of teachers like Dy/Dan.


^* hate that word, but it's correct in this context
^** I have no business being surprised by any failure to complete assigned work...
^*** I'm starting with Karen Pryor's Don't Shoot the Dog, which I will be using for my kids and for me.

US Students Do Worse in Science and Math

This just in.

U.S. students are lagging behind their peers in other countries in science and math, test results out Tuesday show.
The test, the Program for International Student Assessment, was given to 15-year-olds in 30 industrialized countries last year. It focused on science but also included a math portion.
The 30 countries, including the United States, make up the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, which runs the international test.

U.S. students ranked 24th in math.

I hate projects

My fifth grader came home recently with a “Global Warming” handout that included these proclamations:

Do your share, show you care. . . .
If you don’t do your part:
- everyone will die
- the Earth will burn
- there will not be any community in the world

It turned out this was prepared by a fellow student as part of her project on the topic of global warming. All students have been assigned similar projects, and the theme seems to be environmental causes. I think we all know the drill. Take a huge topic. Assign an elementary student to research the Internet. Make a poster along with dioramas, poems, songs or puzzles. Present to class. Yuck!!

Having watched my kids progress through the public school system being assigned numerous time-wasting projects that teach very little practical academic content or skills, I have developed an abhorrence for most of these. Additionally, I’ve observed the alarmist, unscientific message about global warming that seems to pervade much of the curriculum.

However, this particular example sent me over the edge a bit.

(Of course, I don’t fault the child or even the teacher in this case. In fact, my observation is that this student is unusually bright and probably completed this project without much parental help. Good for her!)

farewell to the baby boomers

pension plans and the 55-year old retiree

it's going to get worse before it gets better

from the May 2007 issue of Phi Delta Kappan, international world headquarters of constructivist fuzzery (subscription required):

THE MATH classroom is, and probably always will be, a center of controversy. Teachers, mathematicians, and researchers may never come to agreement on exactly how their beloved subject is to be represented in school. That said, aren't we all making some obvious mistakes? I contend that there are some practices, common to nearly all math classrooms, that we can all agree simply must be done away with. Here are my four prime candidates.

1. Forty problems a night. Most of my mathematician friends and I are only able to solve about two problems a year - if we're lucky! Tell a mathematician you've solved even five problems in a single day, and the first thing she will think is, "They must not have been very interesting problems." Outside of mathematics, does anyone you know ever get 40 things done in a day? [ed.: Everyone I know gets 40 things done in a day.]

2. The third-person czars of math problems. A strange, anonymous set of people are constantly referred to in math classrooms. We frequently hear teachers and students ask such questions as "What do you think they mean in problem number 4?"...Who are these people?...If we decide, as we often do, that our classrooms are going to be guided by the mathematics of the past, then let's at least talk about real people - not mythical ones. [ed.: Perhaps math textbooks could include a photograph of Skip Fennell.]

3. Teachers give problems; students give answers. If only mathematics were that easy! A mathematician would arrive at her desk to find that her problems were all there, waiting for her in a list. The reality is that the largest challenge in mathematics is finding a good problem to solve or theorem to prove - a single conjecture that is both interesting and approachable...[Y]ou would be hard pressed to find a classroom where the students regularly face the challenge of finding a good problem.

4. Suppose a student still "doesn't get it" by the end of a math class, and the teacher decides not to set him straight for the time being. Many people would label such a decision as "immoral," fearing that it would endanger the student's academic future. Because of the high stakes we attach to learning math in school, we seem to lose our perspective on these matters. Do we really think that mathematical learning is that simple and straightforward? Might a student have a richer mathematical experience if he is allowed to fumble around with a misconception for a few days than if he is steered promptly to the "truth"? [answer: Having now watched my own child fumble around with a misconception concerning the distributive property for the last 2 1/2 years, I would prefer America's math teachers stick to the business of clearing up misconceptions not fostering them. Alternatively, if fumbling around is to be the goal, let's knock off giving students grades of C, D, and F on tests due to fumbled answers, shall we?]

We must deemphasize answers and correctness as the only worthy goals in mathematics. Sure, "right answers" are an important part of math, but they aren't always the bottom line. Instead of always asking, "What's the right answer?" we should also wonder, "What's the right question?" and "What's the most interesting way to the answer?" Mathematics is about bold, adventuresome ideas, and the history of the subject is therefore fraught with mistakes, contusion, and invalid convictions. Let's make the classroom a bit more like the discipline and allow our students to revel in the "wrong" while they pursue the "right." [ed.: Reveling in the wrong is incompatible with being graded on a curve. You'd think a person majoring in math education would know this.]

source:
Four Practices That Math Classrooms Could Do Without
Nick Fiori
Phi Delta Kappan May 2007 Vol. 88, Issue 9, p. 695
author bio: NICK FIORI is a doctoral candidate in mathematics education at Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.

Here is our situation, demographically speaking. Ed schools stopped teaching the methods of direct instruction in the second half of the 1980s. Teachers who earned Masters degrees in education in 1980 are now in their mid-50s which is retirement age in my district (and, I gather elsewhere, too). They are leaving the profession in droves.

Nearly all certified teachers under the age of, say, 45 have been taught constructivism and constructivism alone. And while Robert Slavin claims that a new back-to-basics movement is brewing inside ed schools, I'm skeptical. (If others have seen a shift, let me know.) The fact that a doctoral candidate in Stanford's school of education would assume that "we can all agree" on these four propositions tells me that as yet there has been no challenge to the orthodoxy.

This means that ed schools are still producing constructivist teachers who will teach for 25 years before retirement benefits kick in. Many if not most of these new teachers will not be mentored and overseen by baby-boom era teachers trained in direct instruction as earlier cohorts of constructivist-trained teachers were.

They will be mentored and overseen by 40-year old constructivists.

Suncast Powerblade

best snow shovel on the planet

You can use it as a hand snowplough. Amazing!

My latest rant

Chi-square in high school?

What we are up against

Math isn't what it used to be

This isn't an article it's an advertisement for Everyday Mathematics. There isn't even a single mention in the article of the possibility that some parents, teachers, and schools might not like it.

Some selected quotes:

The curriculum is designed to integrate strategies such as algebra, probability, geometry and statistics into the lessons for students as young as kindergarten and first grade. Also through the lessons, students are taught several different techniques to solve problems, while traditionally, students were only taught one way.
...
Fremgen said another benefit is that most of the math ideas spiral through the curriculum throughout the year, so if students don't understand a method or concept the first time, it will come around several other times for them to try again.
...
The program's success also may be because of the curriculum's real-life applications that allow students to use what they learn in everyday experiences, Fremgen said.

This reporter didn't even need to get out of bed to write this article. All she had to do was have the textbook creators fax in the article to her editor.

"Teachers Swamp a Parley on Preschool"

from the Sun:

At least 10 Upper East Side nursery schools are closing their doors today to make time for a conference on an Italian teaching philosophy that is challenging American methods.

Nearly 900 people will crowd the 92nd Street Y to learn about Reggio Emilia — named after the small Italian town, population 140,000, where the approach was developed and that is known for its fine wines and parmigianas — and hundreds more are scheduled to tune in to the 92nd Street Y's first major Internet broadcast of a conference.

Unlike many foreign countries, Italy does not outscore America on standardized tests (its children score about the same), but its approach to teaching 4- and 5-year-olds has captivated educators across this country. They say the philosophy elicits more from the young children than ever seemed possible.

Reggio eschews traditional lesson plans and instead encourages 4- and 5-year-olds to develop their own projects.

About 500 Americans visit Reggio schools in Italy every year to marvel at these projects, and a traveling exhibit of the projects has been making its way across the country. The U.S. liaison to the nonprofit Reggio Children group that organizes the exhibit, Lella Gandini, said interest appears to have grown "immensely" in the past several years, especially in New York.

The director of All Souls School on the Upper East Side, Jean Mandelbaum, one of the school directors who allowed children to skip a day so staff could attend the conference, said that when she first visited Reggio she was astonished to see the quality of work produced by the schools' method. "It looks like they're geniuses, but they're not geniuses. These Italian kids who are wonderful are no more wonderful than our American kids," she said.

By giving children more time to do longer projects and allowing them to dictate their own curriculum, the Reggio method brings out the best in them, she said. At her school, she said, children have created a life-size penguin; several robots, and a model of the 79th Street cross-town bus — all through their own ingenuity. Through the process, teachers make sure to pass on certain skills. They also push students to revisit projects, making them months-long endeavors rather than the fancy of just a few hours.

"The idea is not to just splash something off and bring it home to mommy. Rather, most of the work is considered work in progress," she said.

etc.

Oh yes. Yet another "challenge" to American teaching methods. Nobody here in America has ever heard of the project method.

It's hopeless.

We're all going to have to band together and start charter schools to teach the liberal arts disciplines via direct instruction. We'll hire Siegfried Engelmann and the precision teaching folks to oversee.

We'll also recruit a disciplinary specialist or two to see to it we're teaching the actual disicplines as they exist in the real world, not the fantasy interdisciplinary world of the American ed school.

When it comes to the liberal arts disciplines, the "real world" is the world of the professors and researchers who produce the knowledge our schools are supposed to teach.


the liberal arts disciplines:

• mathematics
  

• English
  

• science

• philosophy
  

• history
  

• foreign languages
  

• music
  

• art

Ed says many colleges include the social sciences as a liberal arts discipline.

Ed speaking:

Each discipline has a corresponding set of skills that emerge from the discipline. In mathematics you have quantitative reasoning; in science you have the scientific method; in history you have historical analysis. Some form of competency in writing is usually attached to English.

Ed thinks it's important to have the disciplines "first" and the skills second, because it's too easy to get into "interdisciplinary mush" when it's the other way around. If your requirement is "social scientific reasoning" as opposed to history, then a student can take a smorgasbord of courses in anthropology, sociology, etc, without taking a history course, thus missing a fundamental discipline in the liberal arts canon.

Ed again:

There's no question there are social scientists who would disagree with this, but it's not for nothing that public and private schools both require history not social science. That's true because most people see history as a fundamental liberal arts discipline. Most people also make the rightful assumption that every citizen needs to know something about the history of his own country to exercise his citizenship rights effectively. The social studies movement agreed with this premise, but got rid of the study of history and kept the study of citizenship.